Aspects of Chinese Hacker Information Attacks
中國黑客信息攻擊手段面面觀
The so-called information attack is the integrated use of electronic, network, psychological, fire, force and other means, against the enemy’s weaknesses and key information systems, flexible to take appropriate tactics and actively interfere with or disrupt the enemy’s information acquisition, transmission, processing and utilization to maximize the information advantage and weaken the enemy command and control capabilities. It is a soft kill and hard to destroy, integrated use of physical and psychological attacks and other means of attack.
1. Focus on information to deceive and mislead the enemy taking the wrong action
is to take the analog information to deceive, camouflage, feint and other means, implicitly shown true or false, to lure the enemy to take the wrong decisions and actions. Fair in war, deception winning information is an important aspect of the fight against the use of strategy. Recently several high-tech local wars shows that clever use of deception, high technology can effectively confuse enemy reconnaissance, reduce the value of the enemy’s use of information to achieve good move by the enemy, the shape, the enemy will result from.
The main methods are:
1.1 electronic active enemy deception and confusion
is emitted through a conscious, forward, transform, absorb or reflect electromagnetic waves, so that the enemy misleading when you receive a message. The main take many forms and means of transmitting information, create a false impression, concealed the true fight one’s own intentions, so misjudged the enemy, command failure, operational deployment confusion, reached their ears, impaired nerve head and containment purposes. There are three main ways: First analog electronic deception by simulating forces or capabilities that do not exist, or the ability to simulate real forces or false position against enemy electronic warfare and information on intelligence activities. Secondly posing electronic deception, disinformation or the information directly into the temptation of the enemy communications network to send false commands, false information or indirectly acquire a variety of information needed. Third-induced electronic deception, namely the use of electromagnetic feint, feint and in some troops fit for me to attempt to combat, deployment and operations of implicit shown true or false, to confuse, to mobilize the enemy, both in the secondary direction suddenly the implementation of high-power electromagnetic radiation information can be maintained in a predetermined direction or the main area of fighter electromagnetic shielding, shift focus enemy reconnaissance, reducing stress my main deployment; when I transfer command post or maneuver command, the right amount of information should be organized network in place to continue to work, or the implementation of force, electromagnetic feint in the other direction, a small movable cover a great ship, contain information about the enemy reconnaissance and jamming systems.
1.2 camouflage tactics confuse deception
tactics’ deception, disguise is to use a variety of measures in combination, make full use of the terrain, vegetation, artificial barrier cover, camouflage, smokescreen, camouflage net, paint and other standard equipment or handy equipment and other favorable conditions, setting the anti radar, anti-infrared, anti-reconnaissance comprehensive three-dimensional photoelectric barrier cover, shielding the true position of one’s own goals and action, of no promising, its essence lies hidden truth; or by changing one’s own electronic technology features and changes may have been exposed to one’s own true intentions electromagnetic image, to achieve electronic camouflage deception. Tactical confuse deception, is through interference confuse enemy reconnaissance, surveillance and battlefield observation, direct access to weaken the enemy’s ability to battlefield information, resulting in information overload enemy, increasing the degree of fuzzy information, so that the enemy of true and false information contradictory the enemy, so that action indecision adversely affected by aircraft. Or electromagnetic interference may be implemented over the main direction of serving chaff interference wire, so that confuse enemy radar; the enemy can be infrared, night vision equipment, laser irradiation interfere with their work or make it blinding, can maneuver when the forces to carry out offensive fighter, I am scheduled to enter enemy fighter-zone general or special cast smokescreen to blind enemy interference observed visible and infrared, laser, microwave and other reconnaissance equipment; can also be man-made noise, vibration and magnetic interference such as enemy action plan.
2. Implementation of electromagnetic harassment, destruction of the enemy or prevent the effective use of electronic systems
is the use of electromagnetic harassment electromagnetic radiation, reflection, refraction, scattering or absorption of electromagnetic energy and other means to hinder and weaken the enemy’s effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum against information technology, aimed at preventing enemy electronic equipment and systems to obtain useful information, reduce the enemy’s combat efficiency.
2.1 electromagnetic shutoff
namely full use of electronic warfare units and equipment, flexible use of a variety of means, actively enemy command and communications facilities and weapons control systems implementation of electronic suppression, within a certain time and scope, to make the enemy and its internal and external interrupts radio contact causing chaos fighting each other. The motorized combat electronic warfare force, the number of targets, the location and nature of the use of formula or throwing placed jamming equipment, take aim and blocking interference formula, combining active and passive jamming methods utilize cutoff point, local interdiction, interdiction and other three-dimensional tactical means to actively suppress the enemy’s command and communications network. As I was entering the predetermined area when the enemy fighter electromagnetic shutoff embodiment, can be taken against electromagnetic dimensional and multi-point, internal disturbance outside the cut to form a local electromagnetic advantage, both inside and outside the enemy cut off contact, it is vulnerable to attack, limb, and actively cooperate offensive fighter operations.
2.2 electronic attacks
to electronic warfare as the main force, make full use of vehicle-mounted, knapsack, put style, throwing electronic countermeasure equipment, into a number of groups capable of swimming harassment, the use of flexible battlefield favorable conditions covert maneuvering, timely investigation avowed enemy electronic target location quickly expand to occupy a favorable terrain, choose the best time to implement strong sudden attack, immediately after the withdrawal of tasks; also capable of sending electronic warfare units deep into the enemy near the depth key targets, enemy firepower system, precision-guided systems, C3I systems, airborne electronic equipment such as the implementation of electronic interference.
3. Implementation of network sabotage, sudden attack enemy computer
network sabotage is the use of a variety of offensive and damaging computer software technology, computer systems into a variety of enemy interference, sabotage, or paralyzed by destroying the enemy’s computer as the core information network system to prevent enemy battlefield information acquisition, transmission and processing, they lost the ability to control the battlefield. Under modern conditions, computer technology has penetrated into all aspects of the military field, the computer has become almost all major high-tech and advanced weapons combat system platform. Destroy the enemy’s computer network system is one of the mobile operations of the information against the most critical action.Therefore, the use of professional and technical personnel, the use of a computer or other special equipment, under the unified organization, timing and selection of key key objectives, multiple penetration into the enemy’s computer network to find gaps, and its attack.
3.1 saturation attack
enemies despite widespread use of high-tech digital communications technology to transmit the battlefield information, fast, secure and strong, but its existing equipment more information nodes and the transmission capacity and real-time information sharing with all combat certain gap. For this feature, through various means pouring a lot of waste to the enemy information network, outdated information, false information or refuse to cast the program, manufacturing information flood, blocking, squeeze the enemy information channel, information flow hysteresis enemy, seize enemy cyberspace, it is a long time information network saturation, causing the enemy can not be timely and effective use of network access, transmission, processing and distribution of information, thus weakening the enemy network capabilities. In addition, since the proliferation of information also allows the enemy is hard to determine the authenticity, it is difficult to make valid judgments.
3.2 Virus surprise
that the use of computer information network implementation infiltrate enemy virus attacks. A computer virus is a special preparation, self-replicating computer program transmission, has a hidden, latent, infectious and destructive characteristics, separating a complex virus may take a long time. Therefore, the computer virus attack is to implement a network of the most effective weapons. Press the virus destroys the mechanism can be divided into: seize the resource-based, modify the file type, to eliminate the program type, type of data theft and destruction of hardware type. Its injection mode there are four:
First, directional electromagnetic radiation injection. Computer viruses coming modulated electromagnetic emissions from electronic equipment, the use of enemy radio receiver into the enemy’s weak points from the electronic information network system.
Second, the information network node injection. Namely the use of wireless or wired communication network, the virus injected into the enemy’s battlefield information from the user node network, terminal or device.
Third, the use of pre-latent curing equipment. Through special channels (agents into, instigation enemy programmers, etc.) will be pre-populated enemy virus computer hardware, software programs, operating system or repair tool, activate the remote control by radio during the war, the virus attack.
Fourth, the hacker Descent. Namely the use of computer hackers skilled technology, multiple protection system to bypass the secret enemy tight settings, sneak into enemy battlefield information network penetration attacks, the enemy can pretend superiors or subordinates instruction issued false information or steal confidential data online; and to be enemy implant false data and information networks harmful programs, or formatting the hard disk of a computer, causing the enemy’s information systems paralyzed.
4. The integrated use of a variety of combat forces, attack the enemy in combat node
fist to take measures to deal with the system, and actively enemy important device information system, the implementation of key objectives node hard to destroy, and depending on the location and nature of the different objectives, to take appropriate and flexible means of attack, undermine the overall function of their information systems to achieve the high limit, drop, high system purposes.
4.1 Accurate Fire pits
located on the important goal of the enemy is not easy to interfere with the depth and strength of attacks, taking a variety of means to identify the basis for its position, taking tactical missiles, long-range artillery, helicopter or Air Force rapid mobility, the implementation of pinpoint precision-strike . When circumstances permit, it can also infiltrate enemy reconnaissance squad depth to pinpoint the location of the enemy command posts and other important information node, aviation and other guidance to be destroyed by fire.
4.2 elite penetration attacks
against the enemy’s battlefield information network points, lines long, wide, weak protection features to scout and special operations forces capable grouping a plurality of synthetic penetration combat units in a variety of ways to penetrate the enemy in depth, flexible, arrived in the deployment of nearly enemy reconnaissance information system, in particular the choice is not easy to interfere with important goals and firepower, flexible to take surprise storm or other means to look for an opportunity sabotage enemy headquarters, communications hub, radar technology weapons firing positions and other targets, from fast attack fast, quick.
4.3 Damage commando unit
for the relative concentration of enemy electronic equipment, or high-energy laser weapons can EMP implementation area of damage, with a strong electromagnetic pulse, breakdown, burning enemy of electronic components, damage to protective measures weak radar, communications systems, data processing systems and other electronic equipment.
5. Extensive psychological attacks, the collapse of the morale of enemy combatants
in accordance with changes in the means of psychological warfare under high-tech conditions and the environment, fully aware of the merits of the mental status of the enemy confrontation, practical focus, find enemy weaknesses, psychological warfare plans to develop and maintain an effective psychological warfare resilience and implement effective psychological attacks. The main measures: dissemination of information through the manufacture of a psychological deterrent to the enemy; identify weaknesses in enemy psychology, to ascertain the enemy internal state of mind, constitute troops, personality religion, customs and commanders, hobbies, expertise and the people to fight the enemy attitude, launched various forms of psychological attack, destroyed the enemy psychological defense; using distance artillery, aviation emission leaflets to the enemy; the use of radio as a person or the use of defectors living textbook battlefield propaganda; for the enemy melee fear, fear of psychological casualties, I take full advantage of the effect of fire attack, close combat with the enemy stalemate, killing a large number of the enemy’s effective strength, defeat the enemy spirit, and with the hard-kill effect expand psychological offensive, the enemy accelerate psychological breakdown, for I have entered a predetermined zone of the enemy fighter, should take advantage of sounding political propaganda offensive, which tempts it to abandon unnecessary resistance.
Original Mandarin Chinese:
所謂信息攻擊，就是綜合運用電子、網絡、心理、火力、兵力等多種手段，針對敵信息系統的要害和薄弱環節，靈活採取相應戰法，積極干擾或破壞敵信息獲取、傳遞、處理和利用，最大限度地削弱敵信息優勢和指揮控制能力。它是軟殺傷與硬摧毀、物理攻擊與心理攻擊等多種手段的綜合運用。
1．注重信息欺騙，誤導敵採取錯誤行動
信息欺騙就是採取模擬、偽裝、佯動及其他手段，隱真示假，誘敵採取錯誤的決策和行動。兵不厭詐、詭道製勝是信息對抗謀略運用的一個重要方面。近期幾場高技術局部戰爭表明，巧妙地運用欺騙手段，能有效迷惑敵高技術偵察，降低敵信息的利用價值，達到善動敵者，形之，敵必從之的效果。
主要方法有：
1.1電子主動惑敵欺騙
就是通過有意識地發射、轉發、變換、吸收或反射電磁波，使敵方在收到信息時造成誤解。主要採取多種形式和手段傳輸信息，製造假象，隱蔽己方的真實作戰意圖，使敵判斷失誤，指揮失靈，作戰部署混亂，達到掩耳、障目和遏制神經的目的。其主要方式有三種：其一模擬式電子欺騙，通過模擬不存在的部隊或能力，或在假位置上模擬真實部隊或能力來對抗敵軍的電子戰和信息情報活動。其二冒充式電子欺騙，將假情報或誘惑信息直接插入敵通信網發送假命令、假信息或間接地獲取所需的各種信息。其三誘導式電子欺騙，即利用電磁佯動，並在部分兵力佯動的配合下，對我作戰企圖、部署和行動隱真示假，以迷惑、調動敵人，既可在次要方向上突然實施大功率電磁信息輻射，也可在主要方向或預定殲擊區保持電磁屏蔽，轉移敵方偵察的重心，減輕我主要部署的壓力；當我轉移指揮所或實施機動指揮時，應組織適量的信息網絡繼續在原地工作，或在其他方向上實施兵力、電磁佯動，以小動掩大謀，牽制敵方信息偵察和乾擾系統。
1.2戰術偽裝迷盲欺騙
戰術偽裝欺騙，就是結合使用多種偽裝措施，充分利用地形、植被、人工遮障、迷彩、煙幕、偽裝網、塗料等製式器材或就便器材及其他有利條件，設置反雷達、反紅外、反光電偵察的綜合立體遮障，屏蔽己方目標的真實位置和行動，化有為無，其實質就在於隱真；或通過改變己方電子技術特徵和變更可能已暴露己方真實意圖的電磁形象，來達成電子偽裝欺騙。戰術迷盲欺騙，就是通過迷盲干擾敵方的偵察、監視和戰場觀察，削弱敵直接獲取戰場信息的能力，造成敵信息氾濫，增加信息的模糊程度，使敵方對相互矛盾的情報真假難辨，以至於行動上猶豫不決而貽誤戰機。可實施電磁信號干擾或在主要方向上空投放乾擾箔條、干擾絲等，使敵雷達迷盲；可向敵紅外、微光夜視器材照射激光，干擾其工作或使其致盲，可在機動力量實施攻勢殲擊時，向進入我預定殲擊區之敵施放普通或特種煙幕，迷盲干擾敵可見光觀察和紅外、激光、微波等偵察器材；也可人為製造噪聲、震動和磁場等乾擾敵方行動計劃。
2．實施電磁襲擾，破壞或阻止敵有效使用電子系統
電磁襲擾是利用電磁波的輻射、反射、折射、散射或吸收電磁能等手段，阻礙和削弱敵方有效使用電磁頻譜的信息對抗技術手段，旨在阻止敵方電子設備和系統獲得有效信息，降低敵作戰效能。
2.1電磁遮斷
即充分利用電子對抗分隊和器材，靈活運用多種手段，積極對敵指揮通信設施和武器控制系統實施電子壓制，在一定時間和範圍內，使敵內部及其與外部的無線聯絡中斷，造成各自為戰的混亂狀態。根據機動作戰電子對抗力量、打擊目標數量、位置和性質，使用投擲式或擺放式乾擾器材，採取瞄準式與阻塞式乾擾、有源與無源干擾相結合的方法，靈活運用要點遮斷、局部遮斷、立體遮斷等戰術手段，積極壓制敵指揮通信網。如對進入我預定殲擊區之敵實施電磁遮斷時，可採取多維多點電磁打擊，內擾外割，形成局部電磁優勢，切斷敵內外聯絡，使其處於被動挨打、孤立無援的境地，積極配合攻勢殲擊行動。
2.2電子襲擊
以電子對抗力量為主體，充分利用各種車載式、背負式、擺放式、投擲式電子對抗器材，編成若干精幹的游動襲擾組，利用戰場有利條件靈活隱蔽機動，及時查明敵電子目標的位置，快速展開佔領有利地形，選擇最佳時機突然實施強烈的襲擊，完成任務後迅即撤離；還可派出精幹的電子對抗分隊深入敵縱深重點目標附近，對敵火力打擊系統、精確制導系統、C3I系統、機載電子設備等實施電子乾擾。
3．實施網絡破襲，對敵計算機進行突然攻擊
網絡破襲是指利用各種具有攻擊破壞作用的計算機軟件和技術，對敵計算機系統進各種干擾、破壞活動，通過破壞或癱瘓敵以計算機為核心的信息網絡系統，阻止敵戰場信息的獲取、傳遞與處理，使其喪失戰場控制能力。現代條件下，計算機技術已經滲透到軍事領域的方方面面，計算機已成為幾乎所有先進武器和作戰系統重要的高技術平台。破壞敵計算機網絡系統是機動作戰中信息對抗最關鍵的行動之一。因此，應使用專業技術人員，利用計算機或其他特種設備，在統一組織下，選擇關鍵時機和重點目標，多路滲透，尋找打入敵計算機網絡的缺口，並對其進行攻擊。
3.1飽和攻擊
儘管高技術強敵普遍採用數字化通信技術傳輸戰場信息，速度快，保密性強，但其現有裝備的信息節點數多，且在傳輸容量和信息實時共享方面均與實戰存在一定的差距。針對這一特點，通過各種途徑向敵信息網絡大量傾瀉廢信息、過時信息、假信息或施放垃圾程序，製造信息洪流，阻塞、擠占敵信息通道，遲滯敵信息流通，奪佔敵網絡空間，使其網絡長時間處於信息飽和狀態，造成敵無法利用網絡及時有效地獲取、傳輸、處理和分發信息，從而削弱敵網絡功能。另外，由於信息氾濫也可使敵難辨真偽，難以作出有效判斷。
3.2病毒奇襲
即使用計算機病毒對敵信息網絡實施滲透襲擊。計算機病毒是一種特殊編制的、能自我複制傳播的計算機程序，具有隱蔽性、潛伏性、傳染性和破壞性等特點，分離一種複雜的病毒可能需要很長時間。因此，計算機病毒是實施網絡攻擊的一種最有效的武器。按病毒破壞作用機理，可分為：搶占資源型、修改文件型、消除程序型、竊取數據型和破壞硬件型。其註入方式有四種：
第一，電磁定向輻射注入。即將計算機病毒調製到電子設備發射的電磁波中，利用敵方無線電接收機從電子系統的薄弱環節進入敵信息網絡。
第二，信息網絡節點注入。即利用無線通信或有線通信網絡，將病毒從敵戰場信息網絡的用戶節點、終端或設備註入。
第三，利用配套設備固化預先潛伏。通過特殊途徑(特工潛入、策反敵程序設計人員等)將病毒預先植入敵計算機硬件、軟件程序、操作系統或維修工具中，戰時通過無線電遙控方式激活，使病毒發作。
第四，黑客暗襲。即利用黑客嫻熟的計算機技術，秘密繞過敵嚴密設置的多重防護系統，潛入敵方戰場信息網絡進行滲透攻擊，可以冒充敵方的上級或部屬發出虛假的指令信息或竊取網上機密數據；也可以對敵信息網絡植入偽數據和有害程序，或對計算機硬盤格式化，造成敵信息系統癱瘓。
4．綜合運用多種作戰力量，對敵實施節點打擊
採取以拳頭對付體系的辦法，積極對敵信息系統的重要設備、關鍵目標等節點實施硬摧毀，並根據不同目標的位置和性質，靈活採取恰當的打擊手段，破壞其信息系統的整體功能，達到限高、降高、制高的目的。
4.1火力精確點穴
對位於敵縱深不便於乾擾和兵力襲擊的重要目標，在採取多種手段查明其位置的基礎上，以戰役戰術導彈、遠程砲兵、直升機或航空兵快速機動，實施點穴式精確打擊。情況許可時，還可以偵察小分隊滲透敵縱深準確查明敵指揮所等重要信息節點的位置，引導航空兵等火力予以摧毀。
4.2精兵滲透襲擊
針對敵戰場信息網絡點多、線長、面廣、防護能力弱的特點，以偵察兵和特種作戰力量編組多個精幹、合成的滲透打擊分隊，以多種方式滲入敵縱深，靈活機動，抵近偵察敵信息系統的部署情況，特別是選擇不易乾擾和火力打擊的重要目標，靈活採取奇襲或強攻等手段，尋機破襲敵指揮機構、通信樞紐、雷達站、技術兵器發射陣地等目標，快襲快離，速戰速決。
4.3特種兵器毀傷
對於敵相對集中的電子設備，可以激光武器或高能電磁脈衝武器實施面積毀傷，以強大的電磁脈衝，擊穿、燒毀敵電子元件，破壞防護措施較弱的雷達、通信系統、數據處理系統等電子設備。
5．廣泛開展心理攻擊，瓦解敵方作戰士氣
根據高技術條件下心理戰手段和環境的變化，充分認識敵我心理對抗的優劣地位，著眼實際，尋敵弱點，制定心理戰預案，保持有效的心理戰應變能力和實施有效的心理攻擊。主要措施：通過傳播信息給敵製造心理威懾；找准敵心理弱點，弄清敵內部思想狀況、兵員構成、宗教信仰、風俗習慣以及指揮官的個性特點、嗜好、專長和敵方民眾對作戰的態度等，展開多種形式的心理攻擊，摧垮敵心理防線；利用遠程砲兵、航空兵向敵發射傳單；利用廣播或利用投誠人員作為活教材進行戰場宣傳；針對敵懼近戰、怕傷亡的心理，充分利用我火力突擊效果，與敵近戰膠著，大量殺傷敵有生力量，挫敗敵銳氣，並藉助硬殺傷效果展開心理攻勢，加速敵心理崩潰，對於已進入我預定殲擊區之敵，應充分利用陣前宣傳的政治攻勢，誘使其放棄無謂的抵抗。
Original Source X